The B-cell lymphomas are types of lymphoma affecting . Lymphomas are "blood cancers" in the . They develop more frequently in older adults and in immunocompromised individuals.
B-cell lymphomas include both Hodgkin lymphoma and most non-Hodgkin lymphomas. They are typically divided into low and high grade, typically corresponding to indolent (slow-growing) lymphomas and aggressive lymphomas, respectively. As a generalisation, indolent lymphomas respond to treatment and are kept under control (in remission) with long-term survival of many years, but are not cured. Aggressive lymphomas usually require intensive treatments, with some having a good prospect for a permanent cure.[ Merck Manual home edition, Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas]
Prognosis and treatment depends on the specific type of lymphoma as well as the stage and grade. Treatment includes radiation and chemotherapy. Early-stage indolent B-cell lymphomas can often be treated with radiation alone, with long-term non-recurrence. Early-stage aggressive disease is treated with chemotherapy and often radiation, with a 70–90% cure rate.
Types
There are numerous kinds of lymphomas involving B cells. The most commonly used classification system is the WHO classification, a convergence of more than one, older classification systems.
Common
Five account for nearly three out of four patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma:
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Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)
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Follicular lymphoma
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Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (MZL) or MALT lymphoma (MALT)
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Small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL, also known as chronic lymphocytic leukemia, CLL)
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Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL)
Rare
The remaining forms are much less common:
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DLBCL variants or sub-types of
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Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma
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T cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma
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Primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type (Primary cutaneous DLBCL, leg type)
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EBV positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the elderly
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Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma associated with chronic inflammation
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Fibrin-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
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Primary testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
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Burkitt's lymphoma
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Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, which may manifest as Waldenström's macroglobulinemia
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Nodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma (NMZL)
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Splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL)
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Intravascular lymphomas variants
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Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma
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Intravascular NK-cell lymphoma
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Intravascular T-cell lymphoma
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Primary effusion lymphoma
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Lymphomatoid granulomatosis
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Primary central nervous system lymphoma
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ALK+ large B-cell lymphoma
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Plasmablastic lymphoma
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Large B-cell lymphoma arising in HHV8-associated multicentric Castleman's disease
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B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma
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B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and classical Hodgkin lymphoma
Other
Additionally, some researchers separate out lymphomas that appear to result from other immune system disorders, such as AIDS-related lymphoma.
Classic Hodgkin's lymphoma and nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's lymphoma are now considered forms of B-cell lymphoma.
Diagnosis
When a person appears to have a B-cell lymphoma, the main components of a workup (for determining the appropriate therapy and the person's prognosis) are:
[ Updated Jul 27, 2020]
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Establishing the precise subtype: Initially, an incisional or excisional biopsy is preferred. A core needle biopsy is discouraged except in case a lymph node is not easily accessible. Fine-needle aspiration is only acceptable in selected circumstances, in combination with immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry.
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Determining the extent of the disease (localized or advanced; nodal or extranodal)
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The person's general health status.
+ Main immunohistochemistry markers in common types of B-cell lymphoma. |
| CD5 | - | - | + | + |
| CD10 | + | - | - | - |
| CD23 | - | - | + | - |
| Cyclin D1 | - | - | - | + |
Associated chromosomal translocations
Chromosomal translocations involving the immunoglobulin heavy locus is a classic cytogenetic abnormality for many B-cell lymphomas, including follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma and Burkitt's lymphoma.
In these cases, the immunoglobulin heavy locus forms a
fusion protein with another protein that has pro-proliferative or anti-apoptotic abilities. The enhancer element of the immunoglobulin heavy locus, which normally functions to make B cells produce massive production of antibodies, now induces massive transcription of the fusion protein, resulting in excessive pro-proliferative or anti-apoptotic effects on the B cells containing the fusion protein.
In Burkitt's lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma, the other protein in the fusion is c-myc (on chromosome 8) and cyclin D1
See also
External links
